Archaeologists from Peru’s Ministry of Culture unearthed a chulpa-type funerary structure in the northern part of the Kuélap ancient city in the Amazonas region. The discovery, part of excavations led by the Kuélap Archaeological Research Program (PRIAK), is aimed at revealing the social and ceremonial dynamics of the Chachapoya culture.
Kuélap, at 3,000 meters above sea level in the mountainous terrain of northern Peru, is the foremost archaeological monument in the northeastern part of Peru. Built in the 6th century CE by the Chachapoya culture, the city occupies nearly 15 acres and is known for its monumental stone architecture, including the massive defensive walls that have been at the center of decades of debate regarding their purpose. Although some theories suggest that the walls were built to defend against invading lowland cultures, others propose alternative explanations in terms of social or ritual functions.
During the most recent excavation, conducted for the first time in the site’s northernmost section, archaeologists excavated six circular buildings and a central courtyard in Research Area No. 1. One of the most spectacular finds was the chulpa-type funerary structure discovered in Structure 10 of Complex 26. This type of tomb, more typical of the Andean highlands, contained a burial and various finely crafted ceremonial offerings.
Some of the most significant artifacts excavated include a polished stone axe, which would have been both practically and ritually used, and an engraved slate pendant with geometric motifs, possibly worn as a body ornament. Other finds, such as lithic fragments and metal remains, were also found, which were likely used in the closure rituals performed before the site was abandoned around CE 1570, following the Spanish conquest.
“These findings expand our understanding of funerary and domestic practices in the northern part of Kuélap, and the possible kinship relationships among the individuals interred there,” PRIAK archaeologists wrote in a report released by the Ministry of Culture.
The complex and artifacts not only shed light on the spiritual life of the Chachapoya but also indicate a structured society with elaborate ceremonial practices. The discoveries are part of a comprehensive research program encompassing 16 excavation areas and over 24,000 square meters of the walled city. The interdisciplinary program integrates archaeological investigation with conservation work, preservation, and ongoing study of one of Peru’s most enigmatic ancient cities.
More information: Peruvian State
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