Archaeologists have unveiled a newly discovered residence in Pompeii, known as the House of Phaedra. This small yet exquisitely decorated home was uncovered during excavations along Via dell’Abbondanza and showcases an array of stunning frescoes that highlight both the artistic talent and cultural attitudes of its ancient residents.
The House of Phaedra, named after the mythological queen of Athens, features vibrant wall paintings that include mythological scenes, such as a sexual encounter between a satyr and a nymph, and depictions of the gods Venus and Adonis. Notably, one fresco illustrates the tragic narrative of Phaedra and her stepson Hippolytus, whom she wrongfully accused of assault after he rejected her advances. The presence of such provocative imagery indicates that erotic art was commonplace and accepted in both private homes and public spaces throughout Pompeii.
Despite its modest size, the house decorations rival those found in more opulent residences in the area. Unlike many Roman homes that featured a central atrium—a courtyard designed for collecting rainwater—the House of Phaedra lacks this traditional element, suggesting a shift in architectural practices during this period. The Pompeii archaeological park emphasized that the dwelling “strikes us for the high level of its wall decorations,” reflecting a cultural aesthetic that valued rich artistry even in smaller homes.
The findings contribute to the understanding of Pompeii’s social dynamics and artistic preferences. Racy frescoes were not limited to wealthy homes; they adorned residences across different societal strata, suggesting that the community had a relaxed attitude toward sexuality. The recently uncovered house serves as a testament to this cultural norm, with frescoes featuring a large phallus—a motif believed to symbolize fertility and prosperity—echoing similar artworks found in other Pompeian structures.
Archaeologists also noted the presence of a painted domestic altar at the entrance, adorned with motifs of flora and fauna, along with remnants of a lamp and a ceramic incense burner, indicating that the house was likely in the midst of renovations when the catastrophic eruption of Mount Vesuvius occurred in CE 79. This eruption not only buried the city in volcanic ash but also preserved its intricate artworks and daily life.
This discovery follows recent excavations revealing additional frescoes in Pompeii, including an impressive depiction of Helen of Troy and the god Apollo in a banquet hall known as the “black room.” Gabriel Zuchtriegel, the director of the Archaeological Park of Pompeii, remarked on the significance of these finds, stating, “Here people gathered to feast after sunset… the flickering light of the oil lamps made the images seem to move, especially after a few glasses of good Campania wine.”
The House of Phaedra adds to the narrative of a city that, despite facing a tragic fate, continues to inform and inspire contemporary understanding of ancient Roman life.
